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Planet Jupiter

Profile -

Mass (kg)............................................1.90 x 10^27
Diameter (km)........................................142,800
Mean density (kg/m^3) ...............................1314
Escape velocity (m/sec)..............................59500

Average distance from Sun (AU).......................5.203
Rotation period (length of day in Earth hours).......9.8
Revolution period (length of year in Earth years)....11.86

Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)..................3.08
Orbit inclination (degrees)..........................1.3
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular).........0.048

Mean surface temperature (K).........................120 (cloud tops)

Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)...............0.44
Atmospheric components...............................90% hydrogen, 10% helium, .07% methane

Rings................................................Faint ring.
Infrared spectra imply dark rock fragments.


Features -

Voyager 1 took this Jovian System photo of Jupiter and two of its satellites, Io on the left and Europa on the right. Io is about 350,000 km (217,000 mi) above Jupiter's Great Red Spot; Europa is about 600,000 km (372,000 mi) above Jupiter's clouds. Although both satellites have about the same brightness, Io's color is different from Europa's. Io's equatorial region shows two shades of red, possibly indicating different surface materials.


The colorful, wavy cloud pattern to the left of the Red Spot is a region of extraordinarily complex wave motion. This dramatic view of the Great Red Spot and its surroundings was taken February 25, 1979, when Voyager 1 was 9.2 million km (5.7 million mi) from Jupiter. An atmospheric system larger than Earth and more than 300 years old, the Great Red Spot remains a mystery. Swirling, storm-like features possibly associated with wind shear can be seen both to the left and above the Red Spot.


Data from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft suggested that a ring system around the giant planet Jupiter existed; this was confirmed by the Voyager flybys. This image was taken by Voyager 2 looking back at the rings from inside Jupiter's shadow. The ring is very bright because it is composed of fine dust, which scatters light efficiently in this viewing geometry. The picture shows the main ring 7000 km (4350 mi) wide, with a broad, thick "halo" inside it.


From July 16 through July 22, 1994, pieces of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. This is a telescopic image of the Impact of Fragment K on Jupiter. The scars of three previous impacts can be seen on the planetary disk. This is the first collision of two solar system bodies ever to be observed, and the effects of the comet impacts on Jupiter's atmosphere have been simply spectacular and beyond expectations. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 consisted of at least 21 discernable fragments with diameters estimated at up to 2 kilometers.