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Planet Saturn

Profile -

Mass (kg)............................................5.69 x 10^26
Diameter (km)........................................120660
Mean density (kg/m^3) ...............................690
Escape velocity (m/sec)..............................35600
Average distance from Sun (AU).......................9.539
Rotation period (length of day in Earth hours).......10.2
Revolution period (length of year in Earth years)....29.46
Obliquity (tilt of axis in degrees)..................26.7
Orbit inclination (degrees)..........................2.49
Orbit eccentricity (deviation from circular).........0.056
Mean temperature (K).................................88 K (1 bar level)
Visual geometric albedo (reflectivity)...............0.46
Atmospheric components...............................97% hydrogen, 3% helium, .05% methane
Rings................................................Rings are 270,000 km in diameter, but only a few hundred meters thick. Particles are centimeters to decameters in size and are ice (some may be covered with ice); there are traces of silicate and carbon minerals. There are four main ring groups and three more faint, narrow ring groups separated by gaps called divisions.


Features -

This image of Saturn was taken while the spacecraft was departing the Saturnian system. The planet's disk casts a shadow across the ring system. The visible side of the rings is directly illuminated by the sun. The broad dark band in the rings separates the outer A ring from the inner B ring. The C ring is much fainter and closer to the planet. The narrow F ring is just barely visible outside the A ring.


Saturn's narrow F ring, just outside the main ring system, is a very complex structure. In this close-up view it is made up of two narrow bright rings and a fainter ring inside them. The bright rings contain bends, kinks, and bright clumps that give the illusion that these strands are braided. Scientists speculate that the clumps may contain mini moons. The F ring was photographed at a range of 750,000 km (470,000 mi).


This unique red oval cloud feature is visible in Saturn's southern hemisphere. The difference in color between the red oval and surrounding bluish clouds indicates that material within the oval contains a substance that absorbs more blue and violet light than the bluish clouds. The oval feature did not change in appearance for several months before this photo was taken on November 6, 1980 at a distance of 8,500,000 km (6,300,000 mi).